第一种方法:
if ($product->getTypeId() == Configurable::TYPE_CODE) {
    $childrenList = $product->getTypeInstance()
                            ->getUsedProducts($product);
    foreach ($childrenList as $children) {
        $skuList[] = $children->getSku();
    }
}
第二种方法:
$linkManagement = \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance()->get(\Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Api\LinkManagementInterface::class);

if ($product->getTypeId() == Configurable::TYPE_CODE) {
    $childrenList = $linkManagement->getChildren($product->getSku());
    foreach ($childrenList as $children) {
        $skuList[] = $children->getSku();
    }
}

以上就是 magento 2 获取 Configurable 产品的子产品的方法。